Yes! I finally figured it out, and was able to get my leaderboards showing up this morning. After contacting Apple about the problem I got clarification, and here's exactly what you have to do:
1. In your Xcode project select your Images.xcassets. You should see your Brand Assets and LaunchImage appear in the next column.
2. Right-click under those files, and from the menu select Game Center->New AppleTV Leaderboard.
3. Add your art to the icon.
4. Now, here's the trick that makes it all work: with the Leaderboard selected view the asset's info in the info pane on the right side and be sure to select the little editor icon (not sure what else to call it). This shows you the "Game Center Leaderboard" info, and here is field for "Identifier". Here you simply enter the com.yourcompany.yourapp.yourleaderboard identifier for the leaderboard that icon is for.
Now, when you run the app everything will work perfectly!
I'd attach screenshots, but it appears the new Developer Forum doesn't have an option for image attachements 😟
-Brian