Same here. I updated my Sierra partition to the High Sierra beta last week. Saw that it was still HFS+ and looked around to see why it wasn't APFS. The common answer that popped up was that you were supposed to check a box at the installer splash screen to do that as you installed High Sierra. I wondered if I missed seeing it. More on that in a bit.
The next thing I found was that for those users who were "in a hurry" and missed the check box, you could boot to recovery mode and update the drive/partition to APFS after the fact. Okay, I must have missed it, though I didn't remember seeing such a check box. So to recovery mode I went and updated the High Sierra partition to APFS. Disk Utility made no mention of any errors. Just a bunch of messages noting each step, and a happy green check mark for Done!
All seemed good except the High Sierra partition would not appear anywhere in El Capitan or older versions of the Mac OS I can boot to. Not even Disk Utility in El Capitan would show High Sierra in the list of available drives. It would if I clicked the option to partition the drive it was on, but it would only show the High Sierra partition as unknown. Not that it was a great surprise to see El Capitan didn't know what APFS was.
Like sixcolors, booting back the recovery mode and trying to select High Sierra as the startup disk (recovery being the only place the partition would even appear in a list), it was marked as unable to boot because it had not been blessed.
Since High Sierra was now a completely dead partition, I had to boot to another drive with El Capitan on it, completely wipe my SSD and restore the Sierra and El Capitan versions back to the way they were.
The real test to myself then was upgraded Sierra to High Sierra again. No, I hadn't missed any check box to update the drive to APFS. There isn't one there at all.
So, a 2010 Mac Pro is supported for High Sierra, but not APFS? I presume such bottom of the supported list models are going to require a firmware update in order to boot APFS. Or, we may not get that option at all and such older Macs will have to remain on HFS+ for High Sierra.