Now I've been able to run my iPhone 6 128GB with iOS 9 beta 1 for 40 minutes straight in standby mode (just viewing some e-mails from time to time, mobile data enabled, all background stuff disabled with not even 1% loss on the battery. Battery saving mode is also disabled. Don't really know what I did.. All I did was viewing the log files through the device viewer in Xcode. Disconnected the cable after a while and ended up where I'm now.. Before viewing the logs in Xcode I rebooted the phone also. But I did not change any settings in the phone from where it was before so I don't really understand what's going on
Soon it's actually 50 minutes without any battery loss.. still at the 97% as it was when I disconnected it from my Mac. Seemingly the background activity going on before on the home screen also suddenly stopped.
I'm going to spend my weekend looking into this matter a bit deeper, just for the pure fun of it