Hello! This is my first time posting a question on a form. So sorry ahead of time if I am not doing something right and please let me know how I can fix it! I am new to swift and I have been following a video by AppStuff. https://youtu.be/QJHmhLGv-_0?si=OwLGXKNTc3m-UH7r&t=5914 . The link is time stamped to the part of the video I need help with. My question is: Where do I put the AuthenticationFormProtocol var formIsValid so that way I can call on formIsValid to use the .disabled and .opacity in the ButtonView File depending on if formIsValid is true or not? I deviated from the video by making a new file called ButtonView so that way I didn't have to copy and paste code that I would be using in two different places. ButtonView File import SwiftUI struct ButtonView: View { let printTitle: String let title: String let systemIcon: String //@Binding var disabledPlaceHolder: String let taskAction: () -> Void var body: some View { Button(action: { taskAction() }) { HStack { Text(title) .fontWeight(.semibold) Image(systemName: systemIcon) } .foregroundStyle(Color(.white)) .frame(width: UIScreen.main.bounds.width - 32, height: 48) } .background(Color(.systemBlue)) //.disabled(disabledPlaceHolder) //.opacity(disabledPlaceHolder ? 1.0 : 0.5) .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10)) .padding(.bottom, 50) } } #Preview { ButtonView(printTitle: "Sign user up...", title: "Sign Up", systemIcon: "arrow.right", //disabledPlaceHolder: .constant(""), taskAction: {}) } LoginView File import SwiftUI struct LoginView: View { @State private var email = "" @State private var password = "" @EnvironmentObject var viewModel: AuthViewModel var body: some View { NavigationStack { VStack { //image Image("TestLogo") .resizable() .scaledToFill() .frame(width: 100, height: 120) .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 20)) .padding(.vertical, 32) //form fields VStack(spacing: 24) { InputView(text: $email, title: "Email", placeholder: "name@example.com") .textInputAutocapitalization(.none) InputView(text: $password, title: "Password", placeholder: "Enter your password", isSecureField: true) } .padding(.horizontal) .padding(.top, 12) //sign in button ButtonView(printTitle: "Login In", title: "SIGN IN", systemIcon: "arrow.right") { Task { try await viewModel.signIn(withEmail: email, password: password) } } // .disabled(formIsValid) // .opacity(formIsValid ? 1.0 : 0.5) Spacer() //signup button NavigationLink { RegistrationView() .navigationBarBackButtonHidden(true) } label: { HStack(spacing: 3) { Text("Don't have an account?") Text("Sign Up") .fontWeight(.bold) } .font(.system(size: 14)) } } } } } extension LoginView: AuthenticationFormProtocol { var formIsValid: Bool { return !email.isEmpty && email.contains("@") && !password.isEmpty && password.count > 5 } } RegistationView File struct RegistrationView: View { @State private var email = "" @State private var fullName = "" @State private var password = "" @State private var confirmPassword = "" @EnvironmentObject var viewModel: AuthViewModel @Environment(\.dismiss) var dismiss var body: some View { VStack { //image Image("TestLogo") .resizable() .scaledToFill() .frame(width: 100, height: 120) .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 20)) .padding(.vertical, 32) //form fields VStack(spacing: 24) { InputView(text: $email, title: "Email", placeholder: "name@example.com") .textInputAutocapitalization(.none) InputView(text: $fullName, title: "Full name", placeholder: "Enter your name") InputView(text: $password, title: "Password", placeholder: "Enter your password", isSecureField: true) InputView(text: $confirmPassword, title: "Confirm Password", placeholder: "Confirm your password", isSecureField: true) } .padding(.horizontal) .padding(.top, 12) //sign up button ButtonView(printTitle: "Create User", title: "CREATE USER", systemIcon: "arrow.right") { Task { try await viewModel.createUser(withEmail: email, password: password, fullname: fullName) } } // .disabled(formIsValid) // .opacity(formIsValid ? 1.0 : 0.5) Spacer() Button { dismiss() } label: { HStack(spacing: 3) { Text("Already have an account?") Text("Sign In") .fontWeight(.bold) } .font(.system(size: 14)) } } } } extension RegistrationView: AuthenticationFormProtocol { var formIsValid: Bool { return !email.isEmpty && email.contains("@") && !password.isEmpty && password.count > 5 && confirmPassword == password && !fullName.isEmpty } }