I was still on Xcode 15 Beta 6 - after reading @bryan-vh's comment I updated to Beta 8 (macOS wasn't prompting me when I asked for Xcode updates, so I did this via: https://developer.apple.com/download/all/?q=Xcode). It appeared to also re-download the iOS 17 files as part of this. After doing this the error went away.
imabie
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Also encountering this as of the last roughly 48 hours. Prior TF builds worked fine.