I second this exact behaviour that I've also been receiving under similar circumstances.
Invited to TestFlight through a work address, and registered on a personal device (Apple ID on device not the same email as the invite sent to).
Wanting to add a TestFlight build on a different device, signed in with the Apple ID the invite was originally sent to
Whenever entering the code, receive 'This invitation has been revoked' message
Remove tester from all sections on ASC, confirm that the build is no longer available for testing on the personal TestFlight. Even further by tapping 'Stop Testing', completely removing the build from device
As soon as re-add email to a TestFlight group, the build reappears on TestFlight on the personal device, and cannot be redeemed on second device