Looks like the same problem described in https://forums.developer.apple.com/forums/thread/762711
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Same on our side. Weirdly enough, the TestFlight build worked fine on the Dev branch, but not on the staging branch with optimization turned on.
Issue it likely due to an outage of the Developer ID Notary Service , see https://developer.apple.com/system-status/ and https://stackoverflow.com/a/74733026/4873972 . It works for me again though.
We are hitting the same problem after we incremented our marketing versions. It is happening consistently accross 3 different schemes. We are using Xcode Cloud.