Thanks for the pointer. I tried one more time with a new volume and get this in the log:
2020-07-31 08:37:41-07 Mac-Pro osinstallersetupd[1096]: Retrieved package com.apple.dmg.BaseSystem (linkfile-validated:///Volumes/EtaBeta/macOS%20Install%20Data/UpdateBundle/AssetData/Restore/BaseSystem.chunklist:::/Volumes/EtaBeta/macOS%20Install%20Data/UpdateBundle/AssetData/Restore/BaseSystem.dmg)
2020-07-31 08:37:41-07 Mac-Pro osinstallersetupd[1096]: Starting bridgeOS update prepare
2020-07-31 08:38:14-07 Mac-Pro osinstallersetupd[1096]: bridgeOS prepare summary: 17P6065 -> 18P50335d, update = 18.16.10335.5.4, brain = 18.16.10335.5.4, variant = com.apple.bridgeOSCustomer, macOS = 19G73 (customer), project = BridgeOSInstall-77, userAuth = 0, prod fused = 1, model = j160ap, client = InstallAssistant, retries = 2, session = 9EFAC8A8-1385-4DC5-A188-0903C60C6B85: Error Domain=BOSErrorDomain Code=204 "An error occurred during preflight." UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=An error occurred during preflight., UpdateBundleIdentifier=com.apple.bridgeOSCustomer, NSUnderlyingError=0x7f8a86423a70 {Error Domain=BridgeOSSoftwareUpdateError Code=19 "MSU - 37 (FCRT migration failed.);NSPOSIXErrorDomain - 2 (failed to statfs /private/var/hardware);" UserInfo={SystemPartitionSize=1979666432, MSUErrorCode=37, MSUErrorDescription=FCRT migration failed., NSLocalizedDescription=MSU - 37 (FCRT migration failed.);NSPOSIXErrorDomain - 2 (failed to statfs /private/var/hardware);}}}
2020-07-31 08:38:14-07 Mac-Pro osinstallersetupd[1096]: bridgeOS update prepare complete
2020-07-31 08:38:14-07 Mac-Pro osinstallersetupd[1096]: bridgeOS update prepare failed: Error Domain=BOSErrorDomain Code=204 "An error occurred during preflight." UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=An error occurred during preflight., UpdateBundleIdentifier=com.apple.bridgeOSCustomer, NSUnderlyingError=0x7f8a86423a70 {Error Domain=BridgeOSSoftwareUpdateError Code=19 "MSU - 37 (FCRT migration failed.);NSPOSIXErrorDomain - 2 (failed to statfs /private/var/hardware);" UserInfo={SystemPartitionSize=1979666432, MSUErrorCode=37, MSUErrorDescription=FCRT migration failed., NSLocalizedDescription=MSU - 37 (FCRT migration failed.);NSPOSIXErrorDomain - 2 (failed to statfs /private/var/hardware);}}}
2020-07-31 08:38:14-07 Mac-Pro osinstallersetupd[1096]: Operation queue failed with error: Error Domain=com.apple.OSInstallerSetup.error Code=602 "An error occurred installing macOS." UserInfo={NSLocalizedRecoverySuggestion=You can try again to complete the installation., NSLocalizedDescription=An error occurred installing macOS., NSUnderlyingError=0x7f8a86423aa0 {Error Domain=BOSErrorDomain Code=204 "An error occurred during preflight." UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=An error occurred during preflight., UpdateBundleIdentifier=com.apple.bridgeOSCustomer, NSUnderlyingError=0x7f8a86423a70 {Error Domain=BridgeOSSoftwareUpdateError Code=19 "MSU - 37 (FCRT migration failed.);NSPOSIXErrorDomain - 2 (failed to statfs /private/var/hardware);" UserInfo={SystemPartitionSize=1979666432, MSUErrorCode=37, MSUErrorDescription=FCRT migration failed., NSLocalizedDescription=MSU - 37 (FCRT migration failed.);NSPOSIXErrorDomain - 2 (failed to statfs /private/var/hardware);}}}}}
2020-07-31 08:38:14-07 Mac-Pro InstallAssistant[1095]: Stopped operation queue with Error Domain=com.apple.OSInstallerSetup.error Code=602 "An error occurred installing macOS." UserInfo={NSUnderlyingError=0x7fe4a750ec50 {Error Domain=BOSErrorDomain Code=204 "An error occurred during preflight." UserInfo={NSUnderlyingError=0x7fe4a7587f80 {Error Domain=BridgeOSSoftwareUpdateError Code=19 "MSU - 37 (FCRT migration failed.);NSPOSIXErrorDomain - 2 (failed to statfs /private/var/hardware);" UserInfo={SystemPartitionSize=1979666432, MSUErrorCode=37, MSUErrorDescription=FCRT migration failed., NSLocalizedDescription=MSU - 37 (FCRT migration failed.);NSPOSIXErrorDomain - 2 (failed to statfs /private/var/hardware);}}, NSLocalizedDescription=An error occurred during preflight., UpdateBundleIdentifier=com.apple.bridgeOSCustomer}}, NSLocalizedRecoverySuggestion=You can try again to complete the installation., NSLocalizedDescription=An error occurred installing macOS.}