Same here, happening since iOS 17 & watchOS 10 on both platforms. Users seem to get their widgets randomly damaged like this during app updates.
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I tried this as well, and yes, it seems to me that it is necessary to have a different widget extension for watch and iOS.
Reported as FB12819243 with a link to this issue.
Thanks! Sadly, I found this thread only after releasing a watchapp update with a single app target, and looking why Weathergraph users report randomly broken complications.
Not even the new watchOS betas fix this :(.