Thanks for the reply eskimo. The posts that you wrote actually got me started on this effort.
I am indeed running it through the Terminal, not Finder. Wouldn't Gatekeeper block the application regardless of where it's being launched from?
When I check the signature using your suggested method, codesign -v -vvv --strict --deep /Applications/codesignTest.app I get the following output. It's not clear to me what is wrong but I'll keep looking.
cisl-ridgeland:~ pearse$ codesign -v -vvv --strict --deep /Applications/codesignTest.app
/Applications/codesignTest.app/: code has no resources but signature indicates they must be present