I am seeing the same with our corp wi-fi with multiple devices. A few clues:
going to Wifi->edit and turn off "Private Wifi Address" temp clears the issue sometimes
fixing one device sometimes clears another device from same user, this sort of shows it is Keychain
connecting to Ethernet dock temporarily fixed one device (came back after leaving office with device and comping back)
Theory: iOS 17 install turns on "Private Wifi Address" even if MDM should be off. This corrupts somthing.