This is not a bank problem or a location problem. I'm in the US. I've used five different cards, including a debit card -- all US banks and all with plenty of room to make purchases. I was asked on my first support request if I had used the card previously to buy something in the store. If so, I should send them the invoice number. Since i have not, I couldn't do this, but regardless I could not understand why this would matter.
In my second reply from support I was directed to use the Developer app to complete enrollment. From my Mac, I spent an hour installing the Developer app and trying to find a place to enroll, to no avail.
I am starting to think you must have to have purchased an iPhone previously and they use that as verification of your identity or something.