Same thing here. Had a setup with a Raspberry Pi 4, running Ubuntu 20.10, Samba Version 4.12.5-Ubuntu. Had no problem at all with Catalina, ran smoothly. After upgrading to Big Sur I get
error 16:01:47.230967+0100 backupd Failed to create '/Volumes/.timemachine/192.168.178.100/94D6582A-7961-4FAA-B632-36DB66B8BBB7/TimePi/03DC30BC-45A6-56F7-8CA9-198EBFE83EC8.sparsebundle', results: {
}, error: 13 Permission denied
error 16:01:48.419816+0100 backupd Backup failed (20: BACKUP_FAILED_DISK_IMAGE_NOT_CREATED)
A sparse bundle is created on the samba share
drw-------+ 1 share share 0 Nov 13 15:01 03DC30BC-45A6-56F7-8CA9-198EBFE83EC8.sparsebundle
Not sure what's wrong in the setup or where to fix stuff. No difference if I use the ip directly (as stated above) or with avahi etc.