Had the same problem recently: after uploading with Xcode, the build shows up in Activity page with "processing" status for 5-10 minutes and then silently disappears without any error messages or emails. It's worth nothing that I was trying to upload exactly the same code which was successfully distributed not long ago.
I was struggling with this bug for about 3 weeks, did 30+ upload attempts in total. Feedback Assistant refused to help, saying that they cannot reproduce. Code-level support (TSI) didn't even answer my requests (I've made two of them). Great job, Apple! Nice to know that you care about developers so much, especially when there's a problem on your side!
After all I've managed to solve the issue on my own by upgrading all 3rd party pods to their latest versions. Took some time because of backwards-incompatible changes in some of them, but anyway.. Cannot really say which one was the root of the problem (we have 20+ direct dependencies in our app), the main suspect is the Rx* family.
Hope this will help someone facing the same problem right now (because most probably you won't get any help from Apple "engineers").