Setup: two Dell P2412H monitors and Dell D6000 docking station.
I've experienced this issue intermittently, on MacOS Monterrey and Ventura, but also when using the same gear on a Windows laptop.
I tried disconnecting and reconnecting power cables and USB-C connectors in different orders with no luck.
What worked to my surprise was starting the Display Link Manager application (https://www.synaptics.com/products/displaylink-graphics/downloads/macos). That's it. Only starting this app brought my 2nd monitor back to life.