I am having this problem with Soundflower and an old Blackmagic Framebuffer kext in Big Sur:
$ sudo kextstat | grep -i soundfl
	168		0 0xffffff7fa0271000 0x3000		 0x3000		 com.Cycling74.driver.Soundflower (2) 2D779840-7439-31E5-8A66-D786C3F47B75 <94 6 5 3>
$ sudo kextstat | grep -i blackmag
	167		0 0xffffff7f9ff1f000 0x2000		 0x2000		 com.blackmagic-design.desktopvideo.iokit.framebufferdriver (10.5.2) C260C085-A85B-363A-A9B6-74336D16BC49 <115 6 5 3>
I think they are in a cache, but kmutil won't update the boot cache:
$ sudo kmutil install --update-all --force --volume-root /Volumes/Macintosh\ HD
checking collections...
Warning: com.apple.driver.KextExcludeList was not found!
considering release out-of-date because of --force
rebuilding release collections: boot, system
rebuilding release collections:
boot kernel collection
system kext collection
failed to build release collection:
Invalid argument: Writing boot kernel collection failed.
failed to build any collections (expected: 1)
kmutil done
molecularmedia
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