Just wanted to update this thread with current information. I'm currently building a CSImportExtension and got it to run on macOS 15.0. So at some point this was fixed.
At first I could not get it to run, but then I noticed that when running the mdimport debug commands, the type identifier is all lowercase, even though the identifier we defined in our application has some uppercase letters. So while our document identifier is actually "com.company.someFile", in the Info.plist of the CSImportExtension we had to define it as "com.company.somefile" for it to be run.
Also be aware: While the mdimport -d3 command for testing will say something like:
Imported 'foo/bar/xxxx.ext' of type 'com.company.somefile' with no plugIn, the plugin is being called just fine.