I noticed the same issue immediately after updating to Monterey. I'm using a similar dock with my M1 MacBook Air.
The issue seems to be with the USB ports. My iPhone will no longer get detected by Mac OS or charge when connected to any of the USB Ports. I also noticed that my Android phone is charging way slower now. Maybe the USB ports are not getting enough voltage somehow after this update. Not sure what the issue is. I reported it using the Feedback option and also updated to the new Monterey Beta hoping for a fix, but no dice.
The HDMI, Ethernet, SD Card reader, etc. are all still working. For now, we can either downgrade to Big Sur, or wait for a Monterey update with the fix.
iAsad
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