Today's May 14, 2022, I've spent SCORES of hours on this issue in this last week, trying all the fix-suggestions across google web searches, like this forum! I haven't read anywhere (my bad?) about a 3rd volume control/silent mode feature on this SE2020 phone.
I just discovered a THIRD button/toggle switch on the top left outside of the phone, ABOVE the two volume buttons of this SE2020 - Guess what it does? It puts the phone on silent mode - I replaced the protective phone case recently and must have accidentally flipped this puppy. VOILA - all notification sounds work.
Hope this helps someone else not waste so much time :D