The range between UWB devices varies based on several factors, such as the device model, its orientation, and the presence of obstacles, among others. For instance, Apple iPhones equipped with the U1 chip (from iPhone 11 to iPhone 14) can comfortably communicate with UWB Beacons located 20-40 meters away. This distance can serve as a guideline for the radius within which you might place a UWB beacon. You can use many UWB beacons to triangulate. The iPhone 15 features a new, second-generation UWB chip, which potentially doubles or even surpasses the range of its predecessors when interacting with compatible UWB chips.

Unfortunately, if a user has "explicitly" closed the app, there's not much you can do. Closing the app intentionally suggests that users do not wish to interact with it further, so you'll need to find ways to motivate them to keep the app running in the background. You can address this by clearly explaining the benefits during the onboarding process. For friction-less experiences, such as unlocking cars or doors with a smart lock, users are likely to be more inclined to keep the app running in the background. This convenience can motivate users to avoid the hassle of having to open the app each time they need to unlock a door.

You can use BLE-pairing, which offers a seamless experience that doesn't involve manual pairing or PIN entry. Users simply need to download your museum app and grant one-time permissions for "Nearby Interactions" and "Bluetooth Scanning." Once these permissions are in place, they'll be able to navigate through your exhibition, with different UWB Beacons triggering the display of relevant content. For inspiration, you can search for "rubens museum beacons" on YouTube to see a similar project.

Loechn, The integration process with the DW3000 device and an Apple mobile phone app greatly depends on the specific DW3000 device you're planning to use. If it's a module, you might consider reaching out to the module manufacturer for code snippets or configuration details. This is because each UWB chip manufacturer may have unique FiRa-compatible configuration details that are compatible with Apple's UWB-enabled products. Additionally, you can search for UWB on GitHub, where you might find project samples related to DW3000 or other UWB devices, including beacons and tags, among others.

It's unclear which UWB device you plan to range in the background, but generally, seamless pairing (without the need for a PIN or confirming the Bluetooth connection) is feasible, for example, with BLE pairing. Users must grant one-time permission for Nearby Interactions or Bluetooth scanning. However, once you have obtained these permissions, you can perform background ranging over UWB, for example with UWB beacons whose identifiers you know ahead. These beacons (UWB devices) will show up in the list of Bluetooth devices as ones you are connected to or paired with.

Generally, the distance between two UWB devices can be quite long, such as 50 meters, 70 meters, or even 100 meters. This distance can vary based on factors like the antenna's design, its orientation, and any physical barriers in the environment. For instance, when using UWB ranging with the Nearby Interactions on an iPhone 12 Pro Max and Estimote UWB Beacons (DW3000) we can easily achieve a range of 30-40 meters. However, Apple has made UWB technology part of its "Nearby" Interactions API, suggesting that they envision its use primarily for shorter distances. It seems this technology is aimed at applications like unlocking a smart bike lock or opening a smart door lock that are all nearby, etc. It's also worth noting that the iPhone 15 introduces a new, second-generation UWB chip that is expected to have 3x the range when used with other second-generation UWB devices.

@Red13: yes, this is totally possible and one UWB device e.g. U1-compatible UWB Beacon can establish connection with several iPhones at the same time. This require the UWB device to has capable SoC, e.g. Bluetooth chip with the right stack to simply handle several open Bluetooth connections at the same time and then perform UWB ranging. However this might not be practical since constant UWB ranging will drain battery for both iPhone and UWB device (e.g. UWB beacon). What will be a better approach is to allow 5 iPhones to quickly range one by one to UWB Beacon and after the distance/angle vector is established disconnect and continue with the position vector using ARKit. This was demonstrated with on the iO16 during the last WWDC Nearby Interaction sessions here: https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/10008/ That approach drains less energy from the UWB beacon since you only connect from time to time to correct the vector rather that keep constant UWB connection.

At the moment Nearby Interaction that is using UWB ranging to compute precise distance/angle can be run when the app is in the foreground only and that is a design decision by Apple (probably due to the privacy implications). What you might try is to use Core Location and/or iBeacon to detect "enter into the range" event that will work in the background (assuming user gave proper permissions). Once user enters the range of e.g. smart lock then you can push a message to open the app and switch to UWB ranging with Nearby Interaction API once that app is in the foreground.

It is also possible to connect and range with multiple non-Apple UWB devices that are compatible with U1 chip. Apple has published here https://developer.apple.com/nearby-interaction/ in the FAQ section a list of recommended UWB chipset manufacturers that are interoperable with U1 chip. There are already UWB devices on the market integrated with these new chips, e.g. UWB beacons and tags. Just google "UWB beacons" and get one of the available Dev Kits; they typically come with SDK and you can see there examples of ranging with multiple beacons at the same time.

With iOS15 Apple has enabled "Nearby Interactions API" to range and obtain inch-level distance and orientation (similar to AirTags) between Apple U1-enabled devices and third-party UWB-enabled devices compatible with FiRa and U1. On this website https://developer.apple.com/nearby-interaction/ Apple has published in the FAQ section a list of UWB chip manufacturers that are interoperable with U1 chip. On the market there are already UWB devices (e.g. beacons, tags) integrated with these recommended UWB chipsets. Try to google "UWB beacons" and get one of these Dev Kits. They typically comes with SDK full of code samples and demo apps. It will take minutes to integrate it with your mobile app that can finally be spatially aware.

As of May 2022 Apple AirTags cannot be used by developers outside their original consumer use-case alongside with FindMy app. However there are other beacons and tags available on the market that has both UWB compatible with U1 as well as Bluetooth. In iOS15 Apple has enabled U1-devices, e.g. iPhones to range and obtain inch-level distance and orientation to third-party UWB-devices compatible with U1/FiRa. Under this link: https://developer.apple.com/nearby-interaction/ Apple has published in the FAQ section list of UWB chip manufacturers that are interoperable with U1. Just google "UWB beacons" and get one of the available Dev Kits to play around. They are typically shipped with SDK full of code samples and you can easily turn these beacons into iBeacon-like experience where your mobile app can be spatially aware. Please note as or right now Nearby Interactions API only allows ranging in the background, so your app cannot do that in the background. For this you would still need Core Location API with classical iBeacon packet and user permissions, e.g. "Always on".

In iOS15 Apple has released "Nearby Interaction API" that allows U1-enabled iOS devices to range and calculate distance/orientation to nearby UWB-enabled tags or beacons similar to AirTags. On this website: https://developer.apple.com/nearby-interaction/ Apple has published list of chipset manufacturers that have UWB chips compatible with Apple U1. There are already UWB beacons, tags and anchors on the market that are compatible with U1 and FiRa, so you can simply google and get Dev Kit to play around and build your own "AirTag"-like finding experience. There is also FindMy network program, but that is a separate story.

With iOS15 Apple has released "Nearby Interactions" API that allows U1-enabled Apple devices to range and obtain inch-level precise distance with other, non-Apple, UWB-enabled devices. Under this link: https://developer.apple.com/nearby-interaction/ Apple has published a list of UWB chip providers that are interoperable with U1 chip. Try to google for "UWB Beacons" and you can find many Developer Kits you can get to play around. Just make sure these are compatible with U1 or FiRa, as Apple devices can only talk to devices that are interoperable.

As of May 2022 it is not possible to range with AirTags, however it is possible to range with UWB Beacons manufactured by third-party companies and compatible with Apple U1 chip. Apple has published on this website: https://developer.apple.com/nearby-interaction/ a list of UWB chip manufacturers, so you can get simply get devices with these UWB chipsets integrated. There are many UWB beacons and tags available on the market; just search for the one that are U1 or FiRa compatible. Simply google "UWB beacons" or "UWB Dev Kit"; they typically come with SDK full of code examples, so it's easy to integrate with.

With iOS15 Apple has released Nearby Interaction API that allows iOS devices with U1 chip to connect and range with other non-Apple UWB-enabled devices that are interoperable with U1 chip. Under this link: https://developer.apple.com/nearby-interaction/ you can see in the FAQ section recommended UWB chip manufacturers. There are many companies offering Dev Kits where these chips were integrated, so you can build iOS app that can do inch-level precise ranging and obtain angle orientation to these 3rd party devices, e.g. beacons. Just google "UWB beacons" or "UWB Dev Kit" to get some; they typically come with SDK where sample code is provided, so it shouldn't take long to build spatially aware mobile apps.