Apple expects that all ARM executables are code signed. I have no problem notarizing my graphical applications as dmg files. However, the terminal applications are another story. Over the years, it seems that specifics have changed, and Apple's documentation is vague and scattered. I really think that both Apple engineers and 3rd party developers would benefit if Apple could provide a concrete worked example of how they would like command line applications created without Xcode to be signed, notarized and distributed. While I think the intentions for code signing are noble, the experience as a 3rd party developer is attempting to comply with code signing is extremely frustrating. Having a tool that simplifies the process and guides users through the required certificates, signing, notarization, etc. would really help, in particular for people like me who are scientists not professional developers. For my own specific example, I am trying to package a simple open source application - https://github.com/rordenlab/niimath . When I submit this for notarization, I get a log file that says: The binary is not signed with a valid Developer ID certificate However, running codesign --verify --verbose --strict niimath suggests this is not the case. Below is my script to try to submit this. Only the first four lines are modified. CODE_SIGN_SIGNATURE="Developer ID Application: My Name" CODE_INSTALL_SIGNATURE="3rd Party Mac Developer Installer: My Name (12ABCDEFGH)" APPLE_ID_USER=myname@gmail.com APP_SPECIFIC_PASSWORD=abcd-efgh-klmn-opqr APP_NAME=niimath cd ~/src/niimath/src gcc	-sectcreate TEXT info_plist Info.plist -O3 -DHAVE_ZLIB -o niimathX86 niimath.c bw.c core.c tensor.c core32.c core64.c niftilib/nifti2_io.c znzlib/znzlib.c -I./niftilib -I./znzlib	-lm -lz -target x86_64-apple-macos10.12 -mmacosx-version-min=10.12 strip niimathX86 gcc	-sectcreate TEXT info_plist Info.plist -O3 -DHAVE_ZLIB -o niimathARM niimath.c bw.c core.c tensor.c core32.c core64.c niftilib/nifti2_io.c znzlib/znzlib.c -I./niftilib -I./znzlib	-lm -lz -target arm64-apple-macos11 -mmacosx-version-min=11.0 strip niimathARM lipo -create -output niimath niimathX86 niimathARM rm niimathX86 rm niimathARM BIN_DIR=../../bin mkdir -p $BIN_DIR cp $APP_NAME $BIN_DIR/$APP_NAME cd $BIN_DIR Verify the Info.plist was embedded in the executable during linking echo "Verifying Info.plist" launchctl plist $APP_NAME Codesign the executable by enabling the hardened runtime (--options=runtime) and include a timestamp (--timestamp) echo "Code signing..." #codesign --timestamp --options=runtime -s "$CODE_SIGN_SIGNATURE" -v $APP_NAME #codesign -vvv --force --deep --strict --options=runtime --timestamp	-s "$CODE_SIGN_SIGNATURE" ${APP_NAME} #codesign -vvvv --deep --strict ${APP_NAME} #codesign -dv --verbose=4 ${APP_NAME} #codesign -dv --verbose=4 ${APP_NAME} https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/120989 codesign -vvv --force --strict --options=runtime --timestamp -s "$CODE_SIGN_SIGNATURE" ${APP_NAME} codesign --verify --verbose --strict $APP_NAME #productbuild --identifier "com.mricro.niimath.pkg" --sign "$CODE_SIGN_SIGNATURE" --timestamp --root /tmp/niimath / niimath.pkg #productbuild --sign "$CODE_SIGN_SIGNATURE" --component niimath /Applications ./ #productbuild --identifier "com.mricro.pkg" --sign "$CODE_SIGN_SIGNATURE" --timestamp --root /bin / ghostscript64.pkg #CODE_SIGN_SIGNATURE="3rd Party Mac Developer Installer: Christopher Rorden (68BQDQS28R)" echo productbuild --identifier "com.mricro.niimath" --sign "$CODE_INSTALL_SIGNATURE" --timestamp --root ./ /usr/local/bin ${APP_NAME}_macOS.pkg productbuild --identifier "com.mricro.niimath" --sign "$CODE_INSTALL_SIGNATURE" --timestamp --root ./ /usr/local/bin ${APP_NAME}_macOS.pkg #productsign --sign "$CODE_INSTALL_SIGNATURE" "${APP_NAME}.pkg" "${APP_NAME}_macOS.pkg" Notarizing with Apple... echo "Uploading..." xcrun altool --notarize-app -t osx --file ${APP_NAME}_macOS.pkg --primary-bundle-id com.mricro.${APP_NAME} -u $APPLE_ID_USER -p $APP_SPECIFIC_PASSWORD --output-format xml > upload_log_file.txt WARNING: if there is a 'product-errors' key in upload_log_file.txt something went wrong we could parse it here and bail but not sure how to check for keys existing with PListBuddy /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print :product-errors:0:message" upload_log_file.txt now we need to query apple's server to the status of notarization when the "xcrun altool --notarize-app" command is finished the output plist will contain a notarization-upload->RequestUUID key which we can use to check status echo "Checking status..." sleep 20 REQUEST_UUID=`/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print :notarization-upload:RequestUUID" upload_log_file.txt` while true; do 	xcrun altool --notarization-info $REQUEST_UUID -u $APPLE_ID_USER -p $APP_SPECIFIC_PASSWORD --output-format xml > request_log_file.txt 	parse the request plist for the notarization-info->Status Code key which will 	be set to "success" if the package was notarized 	STATUS=`/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print :notarization-info:Status" request_log_file.txt` 	if [ "$STATUS" != "in progress" ]; then 		break 	fi 	echo $STATUS 	echo "$STATUS" 	sleep 10 done download the log file to view any issues /usr/bin/curl -o log_file.txt `/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print :notarization-info:LogFileURL" request_log_file.txt` staple echo "Stapling..." xcrun stapler staple ${APP_NAME}_macOS.pkg xcrun stapler validate ${APP_NAME}_macOS.pkg open log_file.txt