I had this problem for a few weeks, but now it's working. (I'm in the US btw.)
The key part was the very last step. Although the billing info for a company credit card was tricky, it was at least manageable. The problem was the contact info.
Although the Apple Dev portal doesn't say this, the contact info is for confirmation (think of 2-fac authentication). The email and phone number must match what the bank already has for verification. I couldn't get that information for my company's credit card, so I had to figure out something else.
I ended up using a personal bank card to make the purchase, then filing an expense report. This worked because I knew the EXACT billing and contact details.
I have seen some people say they tried a personal credit/debit card, and that still failed. It didn't work for me either. That is, until I changed the contact info to my personal email address and my personal mobile number.