Possibly related: it's inconsistent in Safari 16.5 on macOS as well:
await navigator.permissions.query({name: 'notifications'})
state: "granted"
Notification.permission
"denied"
When looking at Notifications in system settings Safari is enabled, as well as my staging.domain.xx.
When looking at the site settings in Safari, the domain is correctly reporting 'enabled' as well.
Removing the permission and rerequesting permission does not solve the issue.
In short: Notficiation.permission is broken in Safari.
Even on developer.apple.com I can't enable the notifications.