Hi guys,
Had the exact same issue, tried countless time with different cards. Finally I made the following: Add funds to Apple ID (via iTunes) --> did not work, so I contacted support and fix it
Tried to make again payment to developer account --> did not work (waited 1 day)
Sent email to devprograms@apple.com and explained that I can add funds to Apple ID, but not possible to pay for dev account.
In 2-3 days I got the reply and was asked to upload identity card for verification purpose.
In 2-3 days my card was charged, so now I'm officially Apple developer. :)
P.S.: had a very nice experience with Apple support.