I'm getting the exact same issue on my 2019 16" intel MBP
This is with a HP Usb-C gen5 dock.
Sometimes the display works but it only detects 60Hz.
Other times it forces the mac to shutdown.
Most times when you plug it in and the screen doesnt show, the mac freezes every few seconds.
on my M1 air the dock/screen works fine.
When running bootcamp on the 2019 !6" MBP the dock/screen works fine too.