Just this month of Dec 2023 I was stuck in a similar situation on while using xcode on 14.2.1 .... when I verified the app ... the iphone screen would just flicker and nothing would change. It turned out that simply signing into the https://developer.apple.com/account which I hadn't frequented in a while and just accepting the updated EULA made the difference. I didn't pay anything, simply went back and tried clicking the "verify app" button on my iPhone again and it worked out !!!