I'm also having the same problem. I can find Spotlight items by type but not by anything else. When I dump attributes on a match there are no interesting fields in it. For example, here's a match for kMDItemContentType = com.apple.ichat.transcript :
(lldb) po [item attributes]
<__NSArrayM 0x604000245be0>(
kMDItemContentTypeTree,
kMDItemSupportFileType,
kMDItemContentType,
_kMDItemOwnerUserID,
kMDItemPhysicalSize,
kMDItemDisplayName,
kMDItemKind,
kMDItemContentCreationDate,
kMDItemContentModificationDate,
kMDItemDateAdded,
kMDItemLogicalSize,
kMDItemDateAdded_Ranking,
kMDItemInterestingDate_Ranking,
kMDItemContentCreationDate_Ranking,
kMDItemFSName,
kMDItemFSSize,
kMDItemFSCreationDate,
kMDItemFSContentChangeDate,
kMDItemFSOwnerUserID,
kMDItemFSOwnerGroupID,
kMDItemFSNodeCount,
kMDItemFSInvisible,
kMDItemFSTypeCode,
kMDItemFSCreatorCode,
kMDItemFSFinderFlags,
kMDItemFSHasCustomIcon,
kMDItemFSIsExtensionHidden,
kMDItemFSIsStationery,
kMDItemFSLabel
)
Note that kMDItemAuthors, kMDItemInstantMessageAddresses, kMDItemDescription are missing.
If I do an mdls on the correspond file I see all the metadata. Is some kind of provisioning profile or entitlement now required for Spotlight queries?