When our NETransparentProxyProvider system extension is installed on the system it seems that external images from emails do not load on the Mail application. The extension does not have to be running to experience this issue.
When we uninstall the extension, these same images load on the Mail application. Another way to get the images to load seems to be to disable "Hide IP address" under Settings > Privacy.
We can see this issue present on the latest macOS 14.5. I have filed FB13805670 for this issue.
Please advise if this is a known issue or if there is a solution.