Did you make any progress figuring this out? I'm pretty sure a version of this bug existed in iOS 16. In iOS 16 we've had a problem where randomly the normal map seems to become corrupted. After weeks of tracking it down it seemed to be related to 4 things interacting badly: SCNSkinner, SCNMorpher, normal maps and lights which cast shadows. The only "fix" was to remove normal maps or disable all shadow casters. Ultimately, because it was pretty rare we just lived with it.
Now with iOS 17 we see exactly the problem you're describing-- models that have both a normal map and a SCNMorpher will render with what appears to be totally corrupted normals. When I export the scene from our app as a SceneKit scene file, the problem still exists and is visible in the Xcode scene editor. [Here's the scene file for anyone who's curious: (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XEZqvU1LwkCdvt96MXt3dKSSFtLOPf4-/view?usp=share_link)]
What super interesting is I took Apple's game project template from Xcode 15, and tried adding a normal map and morpher to the spaceship model, and in that project it seems to work. So that gives me hope that there’s still something that can make the combination work.
Are you using any 3rd party libraries to load your models? Do you generate / assemble the model in code?