I noticed that when copying files in the Finder to a FAT32 volume, the modification dates of directories show the current date, but when copying from the same FAT32 volume to my Mac the directory modification dates are preserved. Using the Terminal command
touch -mt 202110251405 path_to_file
where path_to_file points to a directory doesn't seem to work: the modification time stays the same as before. When path_to_file is a regular file, it works. Is this expected, or is there some limitation with FAT32 directories?