Hey @Zaszko,
I personally have not run into this issue.
What I did notice when I moved to my iPhone 13 is that my Enterprise applications were NOT transferred and I was required to go back to the source of truth and install them again. Even though I could search for and see the applications on my new device, I could not open them and re-installed them which then gave me the ability to "Trust" the Enterprise certificate.
In theory, you would imagine that as a part of the backup Apple includes Enterprise applications but maybe they don't?
I also checked MDM pushed Enterprise applications and I am not running into issues with these.
Could you share what iOS version you are running on the exact hardware? Are you able to install the IPA successfully through Xcode or OTA? If you run into issues installing my first go to is always to open "Console" and start sifting though the logs and looking for errors.
Hopefully this helps!