If you need a deeper level of debugging that what is offered in Xcode while running your extension target, Widget Simulator or SwiftUI previews, you can use Console.app to monitor to the relevant processes related to your app and extensions.
A good way to start would be with filtering by the BundleID of the target and / or the target name itself (the process name).
Also be sure to check the system processes for additional information. This will vary based on what and where you are looking but some examples:
To debug APNS you'll want to monitor apnd
along with other relevant processes.
To debug WidgetKit, LiveActivities, Dynamic Island you'll want to monitor springboardd
, liveactivitiesd
along with other relevant processes.
Rico
WWDR - DTS - Software Engineer