I'm seeing different behaviour on Xcode 11 beta 4 (iOS 13 beta 4). On the simulator I see the same error you reported:
2019-07-24 11:53:47.951759+0100 MedicalID[83804:11380722] [default] QLUbiquitousItemFetcher: <QLUbiquitousItemFetcher: 0x6000023a9360> could not create sandbox wrapper. Error: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=22 "couldn't issue sandbox extension com.apple.quicklook.readonly for '/Users/geoff/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/C8E619EC-303E-4E8B-88D0-E6A970CE7E4A/data/Containers/Shared/AppGroup/B9ADB8B7-42AA-407B-ABB6-E3EEBE6BD433/image_815B76C1-A7B4-4163-88E6-B25D0BF2CC2B.jpg': Invalid argument" UserInfo={NSDescription=couldn't issue sandbox extension com.apple.quicklook.readonly for '/Users/geoff/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/C8E619EC-303E-4E8B-88D0-E6A970CE7E4A/data/Containers/Shared/AppGroup/B9ADB8B7-42AA-407B-ABB6-E3EEBE6BD433/image_815B76C1-A7B4-4163-88E6-B25D0BF2CC2B.jpg': Invalid argument} #PreviewItem
2019-07-24 11:53:47.968591+0100 MedicalID[83804:11380722] [default] URL cannot be nil when trying to fetch the contents of QLUbiquitousItemFetcher #PreviewItem
2019-07-24 11:53:47.968737+0100 MedicalID[83804:11380722] [default] Will show error view because presenter could not successfully fetch content of preview item: <QLItem: 0x600003ceaa00> - Photo, contents: (null), error: Error Domain=com.apple.quicklook.QLUbiquitousItemFetcher Code=0 "(null)". #PreviewController
When I run it on my 10.5" iPad Pro running iOS 13 beta 4, Xcode catches an exception:
[<QLPreviewContext 0x28317e0d0> valueForUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key editedFileURL.
(null)
If I resume execution, i do see my image being shown (hurrah!) but also some more warnings in the log:
2019-07-24 11:55:55.310685+0100 MedicalID[619:98702] CGImageSourceCreateWithURL:3444: *** ERROR: CGImageSourceCreateWithURL: url is nil
2019-07-24 11:55:55.311131+0100 MedicalID[619:98702] CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex:3840: *** ERROR: CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex: source is nil
2019-07-24 11:55:55.311976+0100 MedicalID[619:98702] [AXCommon] Error retrieving caption: Error Domain=com.apple.media.accessibility Code=0 "Missing url" UserInfo={NSDescription=Missing url}
And another instance of the exception:
[<QLPreviewContext 0x28317e0d0> valueForUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key editedFileURL.
(null)
If I continue again I see the CGImageSourceCreateWithURL errors but the app then runs freely.