andI ran into the exact same problem. my tests were fine on the device, but not on the simulator, and what i found is that by doing:UInt32 accessControlFlags = kSecAccessControlPrivateKeyUsage; SecAccessControlRef access = SecAccessControlCreateWithFlags(NULL, kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly, accessControlFlags, &errorRef); when i saved the query, it was blackholeing it it seems. I did not get an error on the simulator, it just reported success for the save. but when i went to query out all keys from the keychain using: func getAllKeychainItems() throws { let classes = [kSecClassGenericPassword as String, // Generic password items kSecClassInternetPassword as String, // Internet password items kSecClassCertificate as String, // Certificate items kSecClassKey as String, // Cryptographic key items kSecClassIdentity as String] // Identity items classes.forEach { secClass in let items = getAllKeyChainItemsOfClass( secClass ) NSLog(items.description) } } func getAllKeyChainItemsOfClass(_ secClass: String) -> [String: AnyObject] { let query: [String: Any] = [ kSecClass as String : secClass, kSecReturnData as String : true, kSecReturnAttributes as String : true, kSecReturnRef as String : true, kSecMatchLimit as String: kSecMatchLimitAll ] var result: AnyObject? let lastResultCode = withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &result) { SecItemCopyMatching(query as CFDictionary, UnsafeMutablePointer($0)) } var values = [String: AnyObject]() if lastResultCode == noErr { let array = result as? Array<Dictionary<String, Any>> for item in array! { if let key = item[kSecAttrAccount as String] as? String, let value = item[kSecValueData as String] as? Data { values[key] = String(data: value, encoding:.utf8) as AnyObject? } else if let key = item[kSecAttrLabel as String] as? String, let value = item[kSecValueRef as String] { values[key] = value as AnyObject } } } return values }It was not priniting them from the simulator. But i had a test example that did work correctly without the access control, but every thing else the same.Now the only reason i was using the access control was to set the private key usage for the public/private key generation when using the the SecureEnclave as part of a ECDH key pair generation. I was not requiring biometrics in my access control, similar to what you have above. I wanted my private key to be acessible in the background after first unlocked, in order to decrypt incoming push events that we have encrypted and generated with a public private key generated on the device. The simulator does not have the secure enclave, and so we must save both the public key and private key. On the device if the isPermanent is set in the keypair generation method, it is stored, but not on a device that does not have the secure enclave, like the simulator. The `isPermanent` used to do that for us, but on iOS 13, it seems it no longer does, at least in my poking at it, it did not.So i detect in my code if am on a simulator, or better put, if secure enclave is not available, and save it if it was with a simple save query the same you have when its not permanent.Whenever i saved with the access control specified on the simulator, it would not save, even though it reported a success. When i removed the access control it would save and i could query it. I still need to set the accessibility on it, in case my code runs on a device that does not have secure enclav, and do not want it to just be defaulted with is `unlocked`. Since the only reason i was using the access control was to set the accessibility flag and that private key usage for the secure enclave, when i detect that there is not secure enclave, i do not specify access control int the query, but rather in the query i now specify the accessible flag instead directly on the save query only when not secure enclave, and when secure enclave i specify the access control with the private usage flag set and the same accessible level, and it resolved it for me.in looking over, this seems to be consistent with: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/keychain_services/keychain_items/restricting_keychain_item_accessibilityhttps://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/certificate_key_and_trust_services/keys/storing_keys_in_the_secure_enclaveHope that helps or gives you a few clues in your question if you are still looking.