I am on iOS 17.2.1
Device: iPhone 15 Pro
Sims: 1. Physical SIM (Secondary SIM)
2. eSIM (Primary SIM)
In my phone settings, I have set the Default Voice Line to be 2. eSIM. This does not over ride the default Preferred Line that has got defined automatically for each contact. I have over 1000 contacts listed and its not at all feasible to open each saved contact and update the preferred line.
This is in fact a bug and should be remediated so that the settings phone level should take the precedence.