I have the exact same problem. My project build with any problem and when i want to archive for the App Store Xcode displays circular reference issue.
The circular references seem to point some warning points in my xcode (that are not blocking errors). So very strange behaviour of Xcode.
My project worked perfectly with Xcode 13.3 and when updating Xcode to 14.2, problem began. It's crazy.
I've done everything you listed but nothing worked. It's clearly an Xcode bug.