I just managed to fix this issue on my system.
Go to System Preferences > Trackpad > Scroll & Zoom. Unselect the check box 'Scroll direction: Natural'. Try to scroll in a website, scrolling now worked for me, albeit in the old, reversed way. Then re-select 'Scroll direction: Natural'.
This fixed it for me. Too early to say if it's just a temporary fix. I am running Monterey macOS 12.1 (21C52) on a 16" MacBook Pro, M1 Pro.