I am a full time cinematographer and video editor and have run into this issue after switching from an intel-based iMac Pro to the M2 Ultra Mac Studio earlier this year and am having a hard time finding documentation of this issue and this is the closest I have come, even if it was a year ago, it is still a problem.
Apple ProRes 4444 XQ render files exported from a render artist using Houdini worked fined on my Intel Mac but exhibit a broken alpha channel on my new Mac Studio that can only be remedied by taking the files and re-exporting from an Intel based Mac within Adobe Media Encoder to MXF format. Reexporting from the Mac Studio does not remedy the issue.
The files exhibit the erroneous characteristic in Adobe programs and QuickTime Player, but not in VLC. I do not possess the wherewithal to determine the root cause of the issue, only to provide the one workaround I discovered. I tried several different settings within Premier to no avail to try to get the footage to playback correctly. Essentially it comes out blocky frame by frame, as if the alpha channel is inverting itself incorrectly in segments.