Same problem here, and still an issue in Xcode 13.2 beta 2.
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Update: I've worked around it for now:
use genstrings to export NSLocalizedStrings occurrences in each local package to Localizable.strings files
add a dummy framework target to the project, but don't embed it in the application
add all Localizable.strings files to the project and add them to the dummy framework
From then on, "Export Localizations" also includes the packages' localizable strings in the exported xliff file.