Hey guys, just to add to the conversation, because I have also been struggling with my 17.2 iPad and XCode 15...
What I have found is that my PIA VPN was not well-liked by the process.
So if I had it connected on the mac or iPad, it seemed to cause these weird errors (like could not find XCode extension, developer tools not installed, etc).
If you are in a similar boat, try going into your VPN and disabling that before connecting and deploying.