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The setlocale C/C++ function writes the global variable errno to 0. In Linux it doesn't have this behavior and the documentation doesn't says anything about setting errno (as I understand, no function should set errno to 0 The following code allows to reproduce it #include <iostream> #include <fstream> using namespace std; int main() { ifstream myStream; myStream.open("NONEXISTENT.txt", ios::in); cout << errno << endl; setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.UTF-8"); cout << errno << endl; } // Output: // 2 // 0 I don't think is a compiler issue as the error also happens with gcc but rather a libc issue.