I'm facing the same problem, not been able to solve this for about 1 month.
Not connected to any VPN.
Tried to erase all settings on my iPhone.
Tried to delete ~/Library/Developer folder, restarted Xcode, also restarted my Mac.
Upgraded from Xcode 15.0 to 15.3.
I still can't debug my app on iPhone 12 ios 17.3.1