I have this same issue with the public release of iOS 17.0 with an iPhone 12. I cannot use certificate-based 802.1x authentication with work's wifi. My regular home WPA2 pre-shared key network works fine. As a odd curiosity, I also cannot use the 802.1x cert protected "XFINITY" public hotspot, but the lower-case "xfinitywifi" (no encryption) public hotspot network is OK.
If I try to go into settings->wifi while the cert-based network is trying to connect, the whole phone slows to a crawl, or Settings crashes. It could take 4 or 5 tries to turn wifi off, each "try" being 30 seconds. The phone heats up while this happens. Almost seems like something is retrying in a tight loop then a timeout.
Only workaround seems to be to use a non-cert-based network, or use cellular service.
bsd43
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Opened FB13192022.
Please open your own ticket via https://feedbackassistant.apple.com/ and reference mine. Right now, my ticket still shows "Recent Similar Reports:None". Thank you.
Parallel discussion here: https://discussions.apple.com/thread/255144436