I had this problem with my Surface Pro 3. I updated the Marvell Wi-Fi driver to version 15.68.17015.112, and now I can connect perfectly.
I'm guessing that there was some issue with WPA3 and the previous driver 15.68.9127.58.
I found the newer driver by performing a Google search. Windows Update will not update the driver automatically for some reason.
I hope this helps someone else.