I had the same problem after updating my mac to 14.3.1.
I found I only got this black screen when trying to use the iPhone 15 simulator or the iPhone 15 (including Pro and/or max) layout.
If I used the iPhone 13 or others, I could adjust the layout and it would work on the simulator, however, the error remained.
I deleted the iPhone 15 Simulators and then the error went away too.