From the documentation https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/featuredarticles/iPhoneURLScheme_Reference/PhoneLinks/PhoneLinks.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40007899-CH6-SW1
"Specifically, if a URL contains the * or # characters, the Phone app does not attempt to dial the corresponding phone number."
It looks like the previous behavior (allowing special characters) may have been the bug and now the normal behavior. Hopefully not.