I had the similar issue since using Xcode12.beta with Xamarin and for simulator and device (iOS13 and iOS14 devices)
My LaunchScreen has a background & text label plus a centered png image; was all working until changing to xcode12.beta.
Tried all solutions like renaming / creating new assets or using png bundle resource only... always just showing full black screen when launching. Also tried all reboot / uninstall / clean solution multiple times.
When editing the storyboard file to an invalid image name, the launchscreen will show (colored background & text), just without the image. When using the correct image (as also showing correctly in Xcode storyboard editor), the launchscreen only shows full black screen.
After changing back the underlying Xcode version in VisualStudio/Xamarin to Xcode11, the launchscreen immediately showed correctly again as before!