Workaround discovered!
2.6 GHz 6-Core i7
AMD 5300M 4GB
16GB DDR4
4 Thunderbolt ports
Sonoma 14.2
This is my work computer and been experiencing this issue. Will crash with more than one external monitor attached - doesn't matter which brand, and doesn't matter the dongle/dock. Noticed when attaching the dongles/dock the fans will spin almost immediately. Intel Power Gadget shows a surge in power consumption, higher clock frequency, and higher temps.
Disabling turbo boost appears to be a workaround as I have not experienced any kernel panics nor any crashes. Currently using Turbo Boost Switcher (not advertising/promoting), but certain can also be done via terminal with some research.
lmk if this or other solutions work for you :)