I was able to sort out my problem.
I had to right-click on ViewController.swift then select Open in a New Window.
From there, I was able to right-click on elements from my Storyboard and (while continuing to hold the right mouse button) drag a connector over to an individual line in the View Controller window.
This opened a little pop-up that allowed me to link to the Storyboard element as an "outlet" (variable) or an "action" (function).
Pretty weird and hidden way to link things, but after that I was able to learn some basic coding and make everything function as desired.