On a 2009 iMac, I have Sierra installed on the first partition of the disk and High Sierra installed on a second partition. The file system for both is HFS+ and both systems boot without any problem.
The apple system guide states that the file system will be converted to APFS during installation, but that was not the case when it was installed on a separate partition.
I converted the partition to APFS using the Disk Utility, and High Sierra would not boot, so I had to convert back HFS+ to make it bootable.
I wonder if this is a problem or is it intended that APFS will only be bootable on the first (Primary) partition,